Phrases and clauses notes sheet

Phrases

 * Adjective Prepositional Phrase
 * Phrases that tell which one, what kind, how many, and/or how much, or give information about a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase/clause
 * The house on the corner is Mary’s.
 * Adverb Prepositional Phrase
 * Phrases that tell how, when, where, why, to what extent, or under what condition about a verb, and adjective, or an adverb (or adverb phrase/clause)
 * Kelly is running in the backyard.
 * Infinitive Phrase
 * The word “to” plus a verb (remember, infinitive phrases act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs)
 * Alex wants to become a doctor.
 * Appositive Phrase
 * Renames (or further identifies) a noun or pronoun.
 * My mother, a woman with many talents, is a nurse.
 * Participial Phrase
 * A participle is a verb form that functions like an adjective (frighten = verb, frightened = “adjective”)	**Frightened by the mouse, Susan stood on a chair.
 * Gerund Phrase
 * A gerund is a verb, ending in –ing, that functions as a noun.
 * Walking in the rain is miserable.

Clauses

 * Independent Clause
 * A simple sentence, having a subject and a predicate. Independent clauses may stand alone.
 * Billy is hungry.
 * Dependent Adjective Clause
 * These clauses modify nouns and pronouns and are placed directly after the word they modify.
 * The cake that his mother made is delicious.
 * Dependent Adverb Clause
 * These clauses modify the rest of the sentence by clarifying details regarding time, conditions, cause and effect, or contrast. Adverb clauses can occur anywhere in the sentence.
 * Because Billy was hungry, he ate some cake.
 * Dependent Noun Clause
 * These clauses function as if they were a single noun (acting as the subject, an object, or a complement).
 * “I will make whatever you want for dinner,” his mother said.